Jamaican Beef Patties

Name: Jamaican Beef Patties
Ingredients: 1/3 cup ice water; 1 large egg yolk Filling; 1 1/4 cups all-purpose flour; 1/4 cup water; 1/4 teaspoon dried thyme; 1/4 teaspoon ground turmeric; Crust; 1/4 teaspoon salt; 1/4 teaspoon baking powder; 1 teaspoon minced Scotch bonnet chile pepper (see Tip), or to taste; 3/4 teaspoon salt; 5 tablespoons canola oil; 1/4 cup fine dry breadcrumbs (see Note); 1 bunch scallions, minced; 1 cup whole-wheat pastry flour (see Note); 1 teaspoon ground turmeric; 4 tablespoons cold unsalted butter; 8 ounces 93%-lean ground beef