Lentil Minestrone with Swiss Chard and Arborio Rice

Name: Lentil Minestrone with Swiss Chard and Arborio Rice
Ingredients: 2 tablespoons olive oil; 1 onion, chopped; 1 large carrot, diced; 2 large cloves garlic, minced or crushed; 14 oz (400 mL) can diced tomatoes (preferably salt-free); 1 teaspoon dried thyme; 1 teaspoon dried oregano; 1 teaspoon smoked paprika; 1/2 to 1 teaspoon chili powder, to taste; 1/4 teaspoon ground cayenne; 1 1/2 cups French (Puy) lentils, rinsed; 8 cups water; 1 bay leaf; 1/2 tablespoon red wine vinegar; 2 teaspoons sea salt, divided, or to taste; 1/2 cup Arborio rice or small pasta (shells or macaroni); 1/2 lb (250 g or 2 cups, packed) Swiss chard, stalks removed and leaves chopped; 1/4 cup fresh chopped parsley, divided; fresh cracked black pepper to taste; vegan Parmesan for garnish